sqlmap源码解析（六）sqlmap是如何检测注入的
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1853 字
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9 分钟
前面五章一直都没有分析到主要的地方，今天有空，就写下sqlmap是如何检测注入，内在的检测逻辑是怎样的。
之前的分析也有说过，sqlmap整个检测的开始是start()函数，所以一切都要从start()函数开始，在
js
/sqlmap/lib/controller/controller.pyjs
"""
This function calls a function that performs checks on both URL
stability and all GET, POST, Cookie and User-Agent parameters to
check if they are dynamic and SQL injection affected
这个函数功能是检测两个URL的稳定性，然后根据GET、POST、Cookie、和User-Agent参数
去检测是否存在sql注入
"""
# direct 对应 -d 命令，直接接管数据库
if conf.direct:
initTargetEnv()
setupTargetEnv()
action()
return True
if conf.url and not any((conf.forms, conf.crawlDepth)):
# 添加目标
kb.targets.add((conf.url, conf.method, conf.data, conf.cookie, None))
# 判断，没有目标就会报错
if conf.configFile and not kb.targets:
errMsg = "you did not edit the configuration file properly, set "
errMsg += "the target URL, list of targets or google dork"
logger.error(errMsg)
return False
if kb.targets and len(kb.targets) > 1:
infoMsg = "sqlmap got a total of %d targets" % len(kb.targets)
logger.info(infoMsg)函数比较长，我们挑选重要的分段讲解。上面代码的意思还是检测。后面太长就不列出来了，大概意义就是配置HTTP发包响应的各种参数。
如果用户有输入参数设置的话，会设置各种参数。这里一一忽略
python
# 该函数主要包含3个子功能：
# 1.创建保存目标执行结果的目录和文件
# 2.将get或post发送的数据解析成字典形式，并保存到conf.paramDict中
# 3.读取session文件（如果存在的话），并提起文件中的数据，保存到kb变量中
setupTargetEnv()
if not checkConnection(suppressOutput=conf.forms) or not checkString() or not checkRegexp():
continue
checkWaf() # 检测waf
if conf.identifyWaf:
identifyWaf() # 识别waf检测WAF，后面就测试网页的稳定性（查看参数是否是动态的）
后面根据level等级确定注入的位置
后面又经过了一大段判断代码，来到第一个判断注入的地方。
js
# 简单的检测下数字型注入和一些其他漏洞
check = heuristicCheckSqlInjection(place, parameter)这个函数翻译为中文为启发性注入检测，函数里面内容就是判断一下数字型注入，例如id=1这个参数会变成id=randINT+id-randINT，用两个页面的差异性来判断是否存在注入，如果两者相似度很高，则可以说明存在注入了。
当然，这个参数里面也会用一些payload 来检测XSS和文件包含漏洞。
接着来到了sqlmap检测的核心地方。
js
injection = checkSqlInjection(place, parameter, value)这里是整个程序最核心的检测函数，函数在 /lib/controller/checks.py 这个文件中。
在往后，就是保存信息hash之类的东西了。所以，为了找到sqlmap是如何检测注入的，有必要到checks.py文件中去一探究竟。
python
def checkSqlInjection(place, parameter, value):
# Store here the details about boundaries and payload used to
# successfully inject
# 存储成功用过的boundaries 和 pyaload细节
injection = InjectionDict()
# Localized thread data needed for some methods
# 局部现成数据为后面方法
threadData = getCurrentThreadData()
# Favoring non-string specific boundaries in case of digit-like parameter values
# 在类似digit的参数值时，支持非特定于字符串的边界
if value.isdigit():
kb.cache.intBoundaries = kb.cache.intBoundaries or sorted(copy.deepcopy(conf.boundaries), key=lambda boundary: any(_ in (boundary.prefix or "") or _ in (boundary.suffix or "") for _ in ('"', '\'')))
boundaries = kb.cache.intBoundaries
elif value.isalpha():
kb.cache.alphaBoundaries = kb.cache.alphaBoundaries or sorted(copy.deepcopy(conf.boundaries), key=lambda boundary: not any(_ in (boundary.prefix or "") or _ in (boundary.suffix or "") for _ in ('"', '\'')))
boundaries = kb.cache.alphaBoundaries
else:
boundaries = conf.boundaries
# Set the flag for SQL injection test mode
kb.testMode = True
paramType = conf.method if conf.method not in (None, HTTPMETHOD.GET, HTTPMETHOD.POST) else place
tests = getSortedInjectionTests()
# paramType是注入的类型,如GET。tests是要测试的列表，包含了每个测试项的名称，这些数据都是和/sqlmap/xml/payloads/目录下每个xml相对应的。
seenPayload = set()
kb.data.setdefault("randomInt", str(randomInt(10)))
kb.data.setdefault("randomStr", str(randomStr(10)))
while tests:
test = tests.pop(0)
try:
if kb.endDetection:
break
if conf.dbms is None:
# If the DBMS has not yet been fingerprinted (via simple heuristic check
# or via DBMS-specific payload) and boolean-based blind has been identified
# then attempt to identify with a simple DBMS specific boolean-based
# test what the DBMS may be
# 如果数据库管理系统还没有指纹(通过简单的启发式检查)
# 或通过dbms特定的有效负载)和基于booleande的盲人已经被识别。
# 然后尝试使用一个简单的基于sql的数据库管理系统
# 测试什么是DBMS
if not injection.dbms and PAYLOAD.TECHNIQUE.BOOLEAN in injection.data:
if not Backend.getIdentifiedDbms() and kb.heuristicDbms is None and not kb.droppingRequests:
kb.heuristicDbms = heuristicCheckDbms(injection) # 启发式检测DBms
# If the DBMS has already been fingerprinted (via DBMS-specific
# error message, simple heuristic check or via DBMS-specific
# payload), ask the user to limit the tests to the fingerprinted
# DBMS
# 这里DBMS已经被识别出来了，询问用户是否测试别的DBS
if kb.reduceTests is None and not conf.testFilter and (intersect(Backend.getErrorParsedDBMSes(), SUPPORTED_DBMS, True) or kb.heuristicDbms or injection.dbms):
msg = "it looks like the back-end DBMS is '%s'. " % (Format.getErrorParsedDBMSes() or kb.heuristicDbms or injection.dbms)
msg += "Do you want to skip test payloads specific for other DBMSes? [Y/n]"
kb.reduceTests = (Backend.getErrorParsedDBMSes() or [kb.heuristicDbms]) if readInput(msg, default='Y', boolean=True) else []
# If the DBMS has been fingerprinted (via DBMS-specific error
# message, via simple heuristic check or via DBMS-specific
# payload), ask the user to extend the tests to all DBMS-specific,
# regardless of --level and --risk values provided
# 如果数据库管理系统已被指纹(通过特定于DBMS的错误)
# 消息，通过简单的启发式检查或通过特定于dbms
# ，要求用户将测试扩展到所有特定于dbms的测试，
# 不考虑所提供的级别和风险值
if kb.extendTests is None and not conf.testFilter and (conf.level < 5 or conf.risk < 3) and (intersect(Backend.getErrorParsedDBMSes(), SUPPORTED_DBMS, True) or kb.heuristicDbms or injection.dbms):
msg = "for the remaining tests, do you want to include all tests "
msg += "for '%s' extending provided " % (Format.getErrorParsedDBMSes() or kb.heuristicDbms or injection.dbms)
msg += "level (%d)" % conf.level if conf.level < 5 else ""
msg += " and " if conf.level < 5 and conf.risk < 3 else ""
msg += "risk (%d)" % conf.risk if conf.risk < 3 else ""
msg += " values? [Y/n]" if conf.level < 5 and conf.risk < 3 else " value? [Y/n]"
kb.extendTests = (Backend.getErrorParsedDBMSes() or [kb.heuristicDbms]) if readInput(msg, default='Y', boolean=True) else []
title = test.title
kb.testType = stype = test.stype
clause = test.clause
unionExtended = False
trueCode, falseCode = None, None
if conf.httpCollector is not None:
conf.httpCollector.setExtendedArguments({
"_title": title,
"_place": place,
"_parameter": parameter,
})
if stype == PAYLOAD.TECHNIQUE.UNION:
# 会判断是不是union注入，这个stype就是payload文件夹下面xml文件中的stype，如果是union，就会进入，然后配置列的数量等。
configUnion(test.request.char)
if "[CHAR]" in title:
if conf.uChar is None:
continue
else:
title = title.replace("[CHAR]", conf.uChar)
elif "[RANDNUM]" in title or "(NULL)" in title:
title = title.replace("[RANDNUM]", "random number")
if test.request.columns == "[COLSTART]-[COLSTOP]":
if conf.uCols is None:
continue
else:
title = title.replace("[COLSTART]", str(conf.uColsStart))
title = title.replace("[COLSTOP]", str(conf.uColsStop))
elif conf.uCols is not None:
debugMsg = "skipping test '%s' because the user " % title
debugMsg += "provided custom column range %s" % conf.uCols
logger.debug(debugMsg)
continue
match = re.search(r"(\d+)-(\d+)", test.request.columns)
if match and injection.data:
lower, upper = int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2))
for _ in (lower, upper):
if _ > 1:
__ = 2 * (_ - 1) + 1 if _ == lower else 2 * _
unionExtended = True
test.request.columns = re.sub(r"\b%d\b" % _, str(__), test.request.columns)
title = re.sub(r"\b%d\b" % _, str(__), title)
test.title = re.sub(r"\b%d\b" % _, str(__), test.title)sqlmap会根据下面的漏洞类型来生成payload检测注入。
B: Boolean-based blind SQL injection（布尔型注入）
E: Error-based SQL injection（报错型注入）
U: UNION query SQL injection（可联合查询注入）
S: Stacked queries SQL injection（可多语句查询注入）
T: Time-based blind SQL injection（基于时间延迟注入）
Q: inline_query(内联查询)
到这里，sqlmap的生成payload流程已经清晰了，通过boundaries.xml来确定payload的前缀和后缀，然后通过上述技术从sqlmap/xml/payloads/中
根据level等级获取payload最后组合成sqlmap发包用的payload。